周海汉
2012.10.26
前言
要让apache支持django，首先要支持python。wsgi是目前效率最高的支持python的模块，遵循wsgi标准。
关于apache的编译安装，请参考我此前写的《apache httpd 2.4.3编译安装》，本篇介绍如何让apache支持wsgi。
下载
[zhouhh@Hadoop47 ~]$ wget http://modwsgi.googlecode.com/files/mod_wsgi-3.4.tar.gz
编译
[zhouhh@Hadoop47 ~]$ tar zxvf mod_wsgi-3.4.tar.gz
[zhouhh@Hadoop47 ~]$ cd mod_wsgi-3.4
[zhouhh@Hadoop47 mod_wsgi-3.4]$ ./configure
checking for apxs2… no
checking for apxs… no
checking Apache version… ./configure: line 1704: apxs: command not found
centos 5.5自带的apache没有apxs模块，所以需要自己编译apache，参考《apache httpd 2.4.3编译安装》，使其支持apxs。
另外，需要最新python版本。centos自带的是python 2.4，至少需要python 2.6 以上。我这里采用最新版python 2.7.2.，到http://www.python.org下载。
安装python 2.7
[zhouhh@Hadoop47 ~]$ tar zxvf Python-2.7.2.tgz
[zhouhh@Hadoop47 Python-2.7.2]$ ./configure
这里，必须用–enable-shared，生成动态库，否则会遇到wsgi不能编译的问题。
[zhouhh@Hadoop47 Python-2.7.2]$ make
[zhouhh@Hadoop47 Python-2.7.2]$ sudo make install
/usr/local/lib/python2.7
/usr/local/bin/python
[zhouhh@Hadoop47 bin]$ sudo mv python python2.4
[zhouhh@Hadoop47 bin]$ pwd
/usr/bin
[zhouhh@Hadoop47 bin]$ sudo ln -s /usr/local/bin/python python
[zhouhh@Hadoop47 bin]$ python
Python 2.7.2 (default, Oct 26 2012, 11:05:43)
[root@Hadoop47 ~]# yum
No module named yum
[root@Hadoop47 ~]# vi /usr/bin/yum
#!/usr/bin/python
改为
#!/usr/bin/python2.4
[zhouhh@Hadoop47 mod_wsgi-3.4]$ ./configure –with-apxs=/usr/local/apache2/bin/apxs
[zhouhh@Hadoop47 mod_wsgi-3.4]$ make
/usr/bin/ld: /usr/local/lib/libpython2.7.a(node.o): relocation R_X86_64_32 against `a local symbol’ can not be used when making a shared object; recompile with -fPIC
/usr/local/lib/libpython2.7.a: could not read symbols: Bad value
这是32位和64位版本搞混的问题
参考http://code.google.com/p/modwsgi/wiki/InstallationIssues
将/usr/local/lib下的python和库删除
[zhouhh@Hadoop47 Python-2.7.2]$ ./configure –enable-shared
[zhouhh@Hadoop47 Python-2.7.2]$ make
[zhouhh@Hadoop47 Python-2.7.2]$ sudo make install
[zhouhh@Hadoop47 lib]$ python
python: error while loading shared libraries: libpython2.7.so.1.0: cannot open shared object file: No such file or directory
找不到库，需用ldconfig指定库路径
[zhouhh@Hadoop47 local]$ sudo ldconfig /usr/local/lib
[zhouhh@Hadoop47 local]$ python
Python 2.7.2 (default, Oct 26 2012, 11:52:55)
继续编译wsgi
[zhouhh@Hadoop47 mod_wsgi-3.4]$ ./configure –with-apxs=/usr/local/apache2/bin/apxs –with-python=/usr/local/bin/python2.7
[zhouhh@Hadoop47 mod_wsgi-3.4]$ make
[zhouhh@Hadoop47 mod_wsgi-3.4]$ sudo make install
配置
修改httpd.conf配置,增加
LoadModule wsgi_module modules/mod_wsgi.so
为了防止源码被下载，一般将源码放在DocumentRoot之外的目录。
但需要配置httpd.conf里面目录访问权限Allow from all，否则访问时会引起403，not allowed错误。
我将wsgi测试程序放在/home/zhouhh/www，该目录需要允许apache用户有可读权限。
[root@Hadoop47 apache2]# vi conf/httpd.conf
#same as sys.prefix
WSGIPythonHome /usr/local
<Directory />
AllowOverride none
# Require all denied
Require all granted
Order allow,deny
Allow from all
</Directory>
<Directory “/home/zhouhh/www”>
Order allow,deny
Allow from all
</Directory>
# HTTP请求处理脚本
#WSGIScriptAlias /test /usr/local/apache2/htdocs/t.wsgi
WSGIScriptAlias /test /home/zhouhh/www/test.wsgi
<Directory “/usr/local/apache2/htdocs”>
…
Order allow,deny
Allow from all
</Directory>
[root@Hadoop47 apache]# apachectl -k stop
[root@Hadoop47 apache]# apachectl -k start
检查一下模块
[zhouhh@Hadoop47 www]$ apachectl -l
Compiled in modules:
core.c
mod_so.c
http_core.c
event.c
[zhouhh@Hadoop47 www]$ apachectl -M
Loaded Modules:
core_module (static)
so_module (static)
http_module (static)
mpm_event_module (static)
authn_file_module (shared)
authn_core_module (shared)
authz_host_module (shared)
authz_groupfile_module (shared)
authz_user_module (shared)
authz_core_module (shared)
access_compat_module (shared)
auth_basic_module (shared)
reqtimeout_module (shared)
filter_module (shared)
mime_module (shared)
log_config_module (shared)
env_module (shared)
headers_module (shared)
setenvif_module (shared)
version_module (shared)
unixd_module (shared)
status_module (shared)
autoindex_module (shared)
dir_module (shared)
alias_module (shared)
rewrite_module (shared)
wsgi_module (shared)
此时能看到wsgi_module也已经加载
[zhouhh@Hadoop47 modules]$ ldd mod_wsgi.so
libpython2.7.so.1.0 => /usr/local/lib/libpython2.7.so.1.0 (0x00002b9d6e909000)
libpthread.so.0 => /lib64/libpthread.so.0 (0x00002b9d6ecd3000)
libdl.so.2 => /lib64/libdl.so.2 (0x00002b9d6eeee000)
libutil.so.1 => /lib64/libutil.so.1 (0x00002b9d6f0f3000)
libm.so.6 => /lib64/libm.so.6 (0x00002b9d6f2f6000)
libc.so.6 => /lib64/libc.so.6 (0x00002b9d6f579000)
/lib64/ld-linux-x86-64.so.2 (0x00000037d9200000)
可以看到mod_wsgi.so指向的库是正确的路径
测试
[zhouhh@Hadoop47 www]$ pwd
/home/zhouhh/www
[zhouhh@Hadoop47 www]$ cat test.wsgi
def application(environ, start_response):
status = '200 OK'
output = 'Hello World!'
response_headers = [('Content-type', 'text/plain'),
('Content-Length', str(len(output)))]
start_response(status, response_headers)
return [output]此时访问
http://hadoop47/test.wsgi
Not Found
访问
http://hadoop47/test
Hello World!
参考
http://code.google.com/p/modwsgi/wiki/InstallationIssues
https://code.google.com/p/modwsgi/wiki/QuickConfigurationGuide